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Philosophy of Ecology Bibliography

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Abrams, Peter. 1992. Resource. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Anton, John P. 1999. Aristotle and Theophrastus on Ecology. In K. Boudoris and K. Kalimtzis, editors, Philosophy and Ecology Volume 1. Athens, Greece: Ionia Publications.

Beisner, Beatrix and Kim Cuddington, editors. 2005. Ecological Paradigms Lost: Routes of Theory Change. Academic Press.

Blackstone, William T. 1973. Ethics and Ecology. Southern Journal of Philosophy 11: 55–71.

Boucher, Douglas H. 1992. Mutualism and Cooperation. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Buege, Douglas J. 1996. An Ecologically-Informed Ontology for Environmental Ethics. Biology & Philosophy 12(1): 1–20.

Castle, David. 2000. Limitations on an Inclusive Definition of Ecosystem-Human Health. Ethics and the Environment 5: 153–161.

Castle, David. 2001a. A Gradualist Theory of Discovery in Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 16(4): 547–571.

Castle, David G. A. 1997. Three Applications of the Semantic Conception of Theories to Problems in Ecology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph.

Castle, David G. A. 2001b. A Semantic View of Ecological Theories. Dialectica: International Journal of Philosophy of Knowledge 55(1): 51–65.

Colwell, Robert K. 1992. Niche: A Bifurcation in the Conceptual Lineage of the Term. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Colyvan, Mark. 2005. Probability and Ecological Complexity. Biology & Philosophy 20(4): 869–879.

Colyvan, Mark. forthcoming. Population Ecology. In Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski, editors, A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. Blackwell.

Colyvan, Mark and L. Ginzburg. 2003a. The Gallilean Turn in Population Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 18(3): 401–414.

Colyvan, Mark and L. R. Ginzburg. 2003b. Laws of nature and laws of ecology. Oikos 101(3): 649.

Cooper, Gregory J. 1989. Ecology and evolution: a philosophical study. Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota.

Cooper, Gregory. 1990. The Explanatory Tools of Theoretical Population Ecology. In PSA 1990, S165–S178.

Cooper, Gregory. 1993. The Competition Controversy in Community Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 8: 359–384.

Cooper, Gregory. 1996. Theoretical Modeling and Biological Laws. Philosophy of Science (Proceedings, Vol.1): S29–S35.

Cooper, Gregory. 1998. Generalizations in Ecology: A Philosophical Taxonomy. Biology & Philosophy 13: 555–586.

Cooper, Gregory. 2001. Must There Be a Balance of Nature? Biology & Philosophy 16(4): 481–506.

Cooper, Gregory J. 2004. The Science of the Struggle for Existence: On the Foundations of Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cuddington, Kim. 2001. The `Balance of Nature' Metaphor and Equilibrium in Population Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 16(4): 463–479.

de Laplante, Kevin. 1998. Toward a General Philosophy of Ecology. Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Ontario.

de Laplante, Kevin. 2004. Toward a more expansive conception of ecological science. Biology & Philosophy 19: 263–281.

Delord, Julien. 2006. Paths Toward a Proper Philosophy of Ecology. Biological Theory 1(4): 423–427.

Dupré, John. 1993. Reductionism in Biology I: Ecology. In The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Egerton, Frank N. 1993. The history and present entanglements of some general ecological perspectives. In Steward T.A. Pickett and Mark J. McDonnell, editors, Humans as components of ecosystems, 9–23. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Eliot, Christopher. 2004. Exceptions Make the Rules: The Role of Disturbing Conditions in Ecological Theorizing. Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota.

Eliot, Christopher. 2007. Method and Metaphysics in Clements's and Gleason's Ecological Explanations. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 38(1): 85–109.

Elliot, Robert. 1994. Ecology and the Ethics of Environmental Restoration. Philosophy 36(Supp): 31–43.

Faith, Daniel P. 2003. Biodiversity. In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biodiversity/, The Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.

Flew, A. G. N. 1962. The Structure of Malthus' Population Theory. In Bernard Baumrin, editor, Philosophy of Science: The Delaware Seminar, Volume 1, 1961–1962. New York: Interscience Publishers.

Garfinkel, Alan. 1981. Reductionism. In Forms of Explanation. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Garson, J. and James Justus. 2006. Conservation Biology. In Sahotra Sarkar and Jessica Pfeifer, editors, The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.

Ginzburg, L. and M. Colyvan. 2004. Ecological Orbits: How Planets Move and Populations Grow. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Grene, Marjorie. 1980. A Note on Simberloff's `Succession of Paradigms in Ecology'. In Esa Saarinen, editor, Conceptual Issues in Ecology. Boston: Dordrecht Reidel.

Griesemer, James R. 1988. Causal Explanation in Laboratory Ecology: The Case of Competitive Indeterminacy. In PSA 1988, S337–S344.

Griesemer, James R. 1992. Niche: Historical Perspectives. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Hagen, Joel B. 1989. Research Perspectives and the Anomalous Status of Modern Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 4: 433–455.

Haila, Yrjö. 1986. On the Semiotic Dimension of Ecological Theory: The Case of Island Biogeography. Biology & Philosophy 1: 377–387.

Haila, Yrjö. 1988. The Multiple Faces of Ecological Theory and Data. Oikos 53: 408–411.

Haila, Yrjö. 1989. Ecology Finding Evolution Finding Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 4: 235–244.

Haila, Yrjö. 1995. Natural Dynamics as a Model for Management: Is the Analogue Practicable? In A. L. Sippola, P. Alaraudanjoki, B. Forbes, and V. Hallikainen, editors, Northern Wilderness Areas: Ecology, Sustainability, Values. Rovaniemi: Arctic Center Publications.

Haila, Yrjö. 1997. A `Natural' Benchmark for Ecosystem Function. Conservation Biology 11: 300–301.

Haila, Yrjö. 2000. Beyond the Nature-Culture Dualism. Biology & Philosophy 15(2): 155–175.

Haila, Yrjö and Olli Järvinen. 1982. The Role of Theoretical Concepts in Understanding the Ecological Theatre: A Case Study on Island Biogeography. In Esa Saarinen, editor, Conceptual Issues in Ecology. Dordrecht: Riedel.

Haila, Yrjö and Richard Levins. 1992. Humanity and Nature: Ecology, Science, and Society. London: Pluto Press.

Hourdequin, Marion. 2005. Theories as tools: a pluralistic approach to ecological modeling. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 36(3): 594–601.

Ives, Anthony R. 2005. Community Diversity and Stability: Changing Perspectives and Changing Definitions. In Beisner and Cuddington (2005), 159–182.

Justus, James. 2002. Taking Stock of Conservation Biology: Old Problems and New Directions. Bioscience 52: 854–856.

Justus, James. 2004. Review of Searching for Sustainability: Interdisciplinary Essays in the Philosophy of Conservation Biology. Philosophy of Science 71: 232–235.

Justus, James. forthcominga. Complexity, Diversity, Stability. In Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski, editors, A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

Justus, James. forthcomingb. Ecological and Lyapunov Stability. Philosophy of Science.

Justus, James. forthcomingc. Loop Analysis and Qualitative Modeling: Limitations and Merits. Biology & Philosophy.

Justus, James. forthcomingd. Qualitative Scientific Modeling and Loop Analysis. Philosophy of Science.

Justus, James and Sahotra Sarkar. 2002. The Principle of Complementarity in the Design of Reserve Networks to Conserve Biodiversity: A Preliminary History. Journal of Biosciences 27: 421–435.

Keller, David R. and Frank B. Golley. 2000. Science of Synthesis: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Ecology. University of Georgia Press.

Keller, Evelyn F. 1992. Competition: Current Usages. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Kirkman, Robert. 1997. Why Ecology Cannot Be All Things to All People. Environmental Ethics 19(4): 375–390.

Leibold, M. A. and Gregory M. Mikkelson. 2002. Coherence, species turnover, and boundary clumping: Elements of meta-community structure. Oikos 97: 237–250.

Levins, Richard and Richard Lewontin. 1980. Dialectics and Reductionism in Ecology. In Esa Saarinen, editor, Conceptual Issues in Ecology. Boston: Dordrecht Reidel.

Lloyd, Elisabeth. 1987. Confirmation of Ecological and Evolutionary Models. Biology & Philosophy 2: 277–293.

Lodge, David and Kristin S Shrader-Frechette. 2002. Nonindigenous Species: Ecological Explanation, Environmental Ethics, and Public Policy. Conservation Biology 17(1): 31–37.

Loehle, Craig. 1988. Philosophical Tools: Potential Contributions to Ecology. Oikos 51(1): 97–104.

Loehle, Craig. 1990. Philosophical Tools: Reply to Shrader-Frechette and McCoy. Oikos 58: 115–119.

Looijen, Richard Christiaan. 1998. The Reduction Problem in Ecology. In Holism and Reductionism in Biology and Ecology: The Mutual Dependence of Higher and Lower Level Research Programmes. University of Groningen.

Macdonald, Helen. 2002. `What makes you a scientist is the way you look at things': ornithology and the observer 1930–1955. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33: 53–77.

McIntosh, Robert P. 1992a. Competition: Historical Perspectives. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

McIntosh, Robert P. 1992b. Whither Ecology? A review of A Critique for Ecology, By Robert Henry Peters. Quarterly Review of Biology 67(4): 495–498.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 1996a. The Large, the Small, the Real, and the Natural. Biology & Philosophy 11: 127–132.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 1996b. Stretched Lines, Averted Leaps, and Excluded Competition: A Theory of Scientific Counterfactuals. In PSA 1996, vol. 63, S194–S201.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 1997a. Methods and Metaphors in Community Ecology: The Problem of Defining Stability. Perspectives on Science 5: 481–498.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 1997b. Other Things Being Equal: Counterfactuals, Natural Laws, and Scientific Models; with Case Studies from Ecology. Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 1998. Counterfactuals, Experimental Reasoning, and Ecology. Communiqué, Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science 41(14).

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 20. Niche-based vs. Neutral Models of Ecological Communities. Biology & Philosophy 557–566.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 2001a. Complexity and Verisimilitude: Realism for Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 16: 533–546.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 2001b. Untangling Ecology? Biology & Philosophy 16: 273–279.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 2003. Ecological Kinds and Ecological Laws. Philosophy of Science 70: 1390–1400.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. 2004. The Science of the Struggle for Existence. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. forthcominga. Ecological Economics. In Michael Ruse, editor, Philosophy of Biology. Prometheus Books.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. forthcomingb. Ecology. In David L. Hull and Michael Ruse, editors, Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. forthcomingc. Ecology as a Moral Science. In Jr. Skipper, Robert A., Colin Allen, Rachel A. Ankeny, Carl F. Craver, Lindley Darden, Greg Mikkelson, and Robert Richardson, editors, Philosophy and the Life Sciences: A Reader. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. forthcomingd. Part-Whole Relationships and the Unity of Ecology. In Jr. Skipper, Robert A., Colin Allen, Rachel A. Ankeny, Carl F. Craver, Lindley Darden, Greg Mikkelson, and Robert Richardson, editors, Philosophy and the Life Sciences: A Reader. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Mikkelson, Gregory M. forthcominge. Realism vs. Instrumentalism in a New Statistical Framework. Philosophy of Science.

Odenbaugh, Jay. forthcoming. Complex Systems, Trade-Offs and Mathematical Modeling: A Response to Sober and Orzack. Philosophy of Science.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2001a. Ecological Stability, Model Building, and Environmental Policy: A Reply to Some of the Pessimism. Philosophy of Science 68(Proceedings): S493–S505.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2001b. Searching for Patterns, Hunting for Causes: A Philosophical Examination of Mathematical Modeling in Theoretical Ecology. Ph.D. thesis, University of Calgary.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2003. Advocacy, Value, and Conservation Biology. Environmental Values 12(1): 55–69.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2005a. Idealized, Inaccurate but Successful: A Pragmatic Approach to Evaluating Models in Theoretical Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 20(2–3): 231–255.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2005b. The Structure of Population Ecology: Philosophical Reflections on Unstructured and Structured Models. In Beatrix Beisner and Kim Cuddington, editors, Ecological Paradigms Lost: Routes of Theory Change. Academic Press.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2006a. Ecology. In Sahotra Sarkar and Jessica Pfeifer, editors, The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.

Odenbaugh, Jay. 2006b. Struggling with the Sciences of Ecology. Biology & Philosophy 21: 395–409.

Odenbaugh, Jay. forthcominga. A Message in the Bottle? The Constraints of Experimentation on Scientific Reasoning. Philosophy of Science.

Odenbaugh, Jay. forthcomingb. Models. In Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. Blackwell.

Odenbaugh, Jay. forthcomingc. Seeing the Forest and the Trees. Philosophy of Science.

Odenbaugh, Jay. forthcomingd. The Strategy of `The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology'. Biology & Philosophy.

Odenbaugh, Jay and Kevin de Laplante. forthcoming. What Isn't Wrong with Ecosystem Ecology. In Robert A. Skipper, Jr., Colin Allen, Rachel A. Ankeny, Carl F. Craver, Lindley Darden, Greg Mikkelson, and Robert Richardson, editors, Philosophy and the Life Sciences: A Reader. MIT Press.

Orzack, Steven H. and Elliott Sober. 1993. A Critical Assessment of Levins's The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology (1966). Quarterly Review of Biology 68(4): 533–546.

Pickett, Steward T. A., Jurek Kolasa, and Clive Jones. 1994. Ecological Understanding: The Nature of Theory and the Theory of Nature. San Diego: Academic Press.

Pietarinen, Juhani. 1999. Plato and Biodiversity. In K. Boudoris and K. Kalimtzis, editors, Philosophy and Ecology, vol. 1. Athens: Ionia Publications.

Rapport, David J. 1995. Ecosystem Health: More than a Metaphor? Environmental Values 4(4): 287–309.

Richardson, Robert C. 1994. Optimization in Evolutionary Ecology. In PSA 1994, vol. 1, S13–S21.

Sagoff, Mark. 1984. On Explanation in Ecology. University of Maryland Center for Philosophy and Public Policy working paper.

Sagoff, Mark. 1985. Fact and Value in Ecological Science. Environmental Ethics 7: 99–116.

Sagoff, Mark. 2003. The Plaza and the Pendulum: Two Concepts of Ecological Science. Biology & Philosophy 18(4): 529–552.

Sarkar, Sahotra. 1984. review of Hierarchy: Perspectives for Ecological Complexity. Philosophy of Science 51: 359–361.

Sarkar, Sahotra. 1996. Ecological Theory and Anuran Declines. Bioscience 46: 199–207.

Sarkar, Sahotra. 2004. Conservation Biology. In Edward N. Zalta, editor, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/conservation-biology/, The Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.

Sarkar, Sahotra. 2005. Ecology. In Edward N. Zalta, editor, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ecology/, The Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.

Sarkar, Sahotra, James Justus, T. Fuller, C. Kelley, J. Garson, and M. Mayfield. 2005. Effectiveness of Estimator Surrogates for the Selection of Conservation Area Networks. Conservation Biology 19: 815–825.

Shrader Frechette, Kristin and Earl D. McCoy. 1994. How the Tail Wags the Dog: How Value Judgments Determine Ecological Science. Environmental Values 3(2): 107–120.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1986. Organismic Biology and Ecosystems Ecology: Description or Explanation? In N. Rescher, editor, Current Issues in Teleology. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1989a. Ecological Theories and Ethical Imperatives. In W. R. Shea and B. Sitter, editors, Scientists and Their Responsibility. Canton: Watson.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1989b. Scientific Method and the Objectivity of Epistemic Value Judgments. In J. Fenstad, R. Hilpinen, and I. Frolov, editors, Logic, Methodology, and the Philosophy of Science. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1990a. Interspecific Competition, Evolutionary Epistemology, and Ecology. In N. Rescher, editor, Evolution, Cognition, and Realism. Lanham: University Press of America.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1990b. Island Biogeography, Species-Area Curves, and Statistical Errors: Applied Biology and Scientific Rationality. In PSA 1990, S447–S456.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1990c. Models, Scientific Method, and Environmental Ethics. In D. Scherer, editor, Upstream/Downstream: Issues in Environmental Ethics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1994a. Ecological Explanation and the Population-Growth Thesis. In PSA 1994, vol. 1, S34–S45.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1994b. Ecosystem Health: A New Paradigm for Ecological Assessment? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9(12): 456–457.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1995a. Hard Ecology, Soft Ecology, and Ecosystem Integrity. In Laura Westra and John Lemons, editors, Perspectives on Ecological Integrity. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1995b. Practical Ecology and Foundations for Environmental Ethics. Journal of Philosophy 92(12): 621–635.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 1997. Ecological Theory is Problematic. In Byron Lamont, editor, Environmental Biology. Perth: Curtin University of Technology.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. 2000. Ecology. In Dale Jamieson, editor, A Companion to Environmental Philosophy. Cambridge: Blackwell.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1990. Theory reduction and explanation in ecology. Oikos 58(1): 109–114.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1992a. Community Ecology, Scale, and the Instability of the Stability Concept. In PSA 1992, vol. 1, S184–S199.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1992b. Statistics, Costs and Rationality in Ecological Inference. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7(3): 96–99.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1993. Method in Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1994a. Applied Ecology and the Logic of Case Studies. Philosophy of Science 61: 228–249.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1994b. Biodiversity, Biological Uncertainty, and Setting Conservation Priorities. Biology & Philosophy 9: 167–195.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1994c. The Community Concept in Community Ecology. Perspectives on Science 2(4): 455–475.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1994d. How the Tail Wags the Dog: How Value Judgments Determine Ecological Science. Environmental Values 3: 107–120.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1994e. What Ecology Can Do for Environmental Management. Journal of Environmental Management 41: 293–307.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1995a. Defining Natural Communities and Natural Ecosystems. Natural Areas Report 7(3): 4–5.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1995b. Ecology and Environmental Problem Solving. Environmental Professional 16: 342–348.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1995c. Natural Landscapes, Natural Communities, and Natural Ecosystems. Forest and Conservation History 39: 138–142.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 1999. Molecular Systematics, Ethics, and Biological Decision-Making Under Uncertainty. Conservation Biology 13: 1008–1012.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. 2000. Community Ecology, Population Biology, and the Method of Case Studies. In Frank B. Golley and David R. Keller, editors, Science of Synthesis: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Ecology. University of Georgia Press.

Shrader-Frechette, Kristin S. and Earl D. McCoy. [forthcoming]. Values, Underdetermination, and Progress in Ecology.

Simberloff, Daniel. 1980. A Succession of Paradigms in Ecology: Essentialism to Materialism to Probabilism. Synthese 43: 3–29.

Sismondo, Sergio. 2000. Island Biogeography and the Multiple Domains of Models. Biology & Philosophy 15(2): 239–258.

Sloep, Peter B. 1986. Null Hypotheses in Ecology: Towards the Dissolution of a Controversy. In PSA 1986, vol. 1, S307–S313.

Sloep, Peter B. 1994. The Impact of `Sustainability' on the Field of Environmental Science. In G. Skirbekk, editor, The Notion of Sustainability and its Normative Implications. Scandinavian University Press.

Sterelny, Kim. 2001. The Reality of Ecological Assemblages: A Palaeo-ecological Puzzle. Biology & Philosophy 16(4): 437–461.

Strong, Donald R Jr. 1982. Null Hypotheses in Ecology. In Esa Saarinen, editor, Conceptual Issues in Ecology. Boston: Dordrecht Reidel.

Taylor, Peter. 1987. The Strategy of Model Building in Ecology, Revisited. Eighth International Congress on Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 2: 308–311.

Taylor, Peter. 1989. Revising Models and Generating Theory. Oikos 54: 121–126.

Taylor, Peter. 1990. Mapping Ecologists' Ecologies of Knowledge. PSA 1990 2: S95–S109.

Taylor, Peter. 1992. Community. In Evelyn F. Keller and Elisabeth A. Lloyd, editors, Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Taylor, Peter. 1999. From Natural Selection to Natural Construction to Disciplining Unruly Complexity: The Challenge of Integrating Ecological Dynamics into Evolutionary Theory. In R. Singh, K. Krimbas, D. Paul, and J. Beatty, editors, Thinking about Evolution: Historical, Philosophical, and Political Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Taylor, Peter. 2000. Socio-Ecological Webs and Sites of Sociality: Levins' Strategy of Model Building Revisited. Biology & Philosophy 15(2): 197–210.

Taylor, Peter. [forthcoming]a. Apparent Interactions in Community Models.

Taylor, Peter. [forthcoming]b. Distributed Agency within Intersecting Ecological, Social, and Scientific Processes.

Taylor, Peter and A. Blum. 1991. Ecosystems as Circuits: Diagrams and the Limits of Physical Analogies. Biology & Philosophy 6: 275–294.

Taylor, Peter and Yrjö Haila. 1998. Natural Contradictions: Links between Ecological Science and Environmental Politics. Science as Culture 7(4).

Vepsäläinen, Kari and John R. Spence. 2000. Generalization in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: From Hypothesis to Paradigm. Biology & Philosophy 15(2): 211–238.

Waters, C. Kenneth. 1990. The Conceptual Basis for a Nonequilibrium Theory of Succession. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5(4): 123.

Weber, Marcel. 1999. The Aim and Structure of Ecological Theory. Philosophy of Science 66: 71–93.

Wimsatt, William C. 1980. Reductionistic Research Strategies and their Basis in the Units of Selection Controversy. In Esa Saarinen, editor, Conceptual Issues in Ecology. Boston: Dordrecht Reidel.

Wimsatt, William C. 1994. The Ontology of Complex Systems: Levels, Perspectives and Causal Thickets. In Robert Ware and Mohan Matthen, editors, Canadian Journal of Philosophy supplement 20. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.

Zdravko Stevcic, Rovinj. 1996. Logical Problems of Ecology [Logicki problemi ekologije]. Filozofska Istrazivanja 16(1): 19–23.


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